REPORTED SPEECH

(He said that…)
Gunawan : ‘I’m feeling ill’
You want to tell somebody else what Gunawan said.
There are two ways of doing this:
You can repeat Gunawan’s word (direct speech): Gunawan said ‘I’m feeling ill’.
Or you can use reported speech: Gunawan said that he was feeling ill.


When we use reported speech, the main verb of the sentence is usually past (Gunawan said that…). So the rest sentence is usually past too.
Example:
Suyono said that he was living in Jogja.
I told him that I did not have any money.

In general, the present form in direct speech changes to the past form in reported speech:
am/is ==> was
are ==> were
Do/does ==> did
Have/has ==> had
Will ==> would
Can ==> could
Want/like/know/go etc. ==> wanted/liked/knew/went etc.

The simple past (did/saw/knew etc.) can usually stay the same in reported speech, or you can change it to the past perfect (had done/had seen/had known etc.)
Annisa said: “ I woke up feeling ill, so I did not go to work.’
Annisa said (that) she woke up feeling ill, so she did not go to work.
or
Annisa said (that) she had woken up feeling ill, so she had not gone to work.


It is not always necessary to change the verb when you use reported speech. If you report something and it is still true, you do not need to change the verb.
Direct :Tomo said ‘Jakarta is more lively than Jogjakarta.’
Indirect:Tomo said that Jakarta is more lively than Jogjakarta.
(it means that Jakarta is still more lively than Jogjakarta. The situation has not changed)

But you must use a past form when there is a difference between what was said and what is really true. Study this situation:

You meet Annisa a few days ago. She said : ‘Jono is ill.’direct speech

Later the day you see Jono. He is looking well and carrying a badminton racket.

So you say:
'I did not expect to see you, Jono. Annisa said you were ill.’ ==> (NOT ‘Annisa said you are ill’, because clearly he is not ill.)